The financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transportation and sustainable policy recommendations: A Case study of Eskişehir

Financing of public transportation has been a challenge that needs to be concerned because ridership decreased by up 90% with the impact COVID-19. This study presents sustainable policy recommendations and their cost-benefit analyses for financing problems in caused First all, data Eskişehir-Turkey between years 2018-2021 were investigated according different modes, financial losses calculated municipality. Secondly, within scope study, six policies recommended as follows: (i) network service plans transportation, (ii) new or improved low-budget (iii) congestion pricing, (iv) bike, bike-sharing e-scooter, (v) park ride, (vi) pedestrianization. Crucial points implementation possible impacts investigated. According findings total 72.94 million 2020 2021 compared pre-COVID-19. In it was observed decrease buses higher than trams. Municipality loss $19.69-24.87 million. analysis results policies, net present value 0.28-23.36 $ scenarios sensitivity analyses. It foreseen this is very suitable period these they could provide urban increase quality life well solving problems.